Cultivars
Cultivars include:
U. glabra (syn. U. Montana; Wych Elm, Scotch Elm): One of the few trees which can be planted near the sea in full exposure to sea gales. It is a large spreading tree to 9m with an oval head. The leaves which emerge on short stalks are obovate and toothed, with a rough surface, and appear as mid green turning yellow in winter. Dense fruit crops appear in spring. It is capable of reproducing readily from seed.
U. minor (syn. U. carpinifolia, U. angustifolia, U. elegantissima, U. nitens, U. foliacea; Field Elm, Smooth-leaved Elm): A native of North Africa, Europe and Western Asia. They are large trees with an open habit, rounded or oval head, and slender shoots which may be pendulous. The leaves are mid green to dark green above, hairy and venous beneath, and turning yellow in winter. Leaves are coarsely toothed, oval to oblanceolate, smooth and leathery. It can be used as a windbreak in coastal areas.
U. procera (syn. U. campestris; U. minor var. vulgaris; English Elm): A large tree with downy shoots growing to 9m. The mid to dark green leaves are rounded with a rough surface, and are sharply double toothed. They seldom produce fruit, but when they do it is smooth. They do not produce seed but spread by suckers.
U. x hollandica (Dutch Elm): A natural hybrid native to Western Europe and reaches a height of 11m with leaves that are dark green, shiny and obovate. A number of variable hybrids exist. They are generally fast growing. They are not the source of Dutch elm disease as is sometimes erroneously thought. Rather, research into the disease first took place in Holland.